Compounds of silicon6/30/2023 Moreover, we propose that previously observed positive biological effects of various colloidal silicic acids (various hydrated silica gels) as well as some zeolites, e.g. In this paper, we critically review the most recent findings on biological effects of Si and ortho-silicic acid on animals and human beings. Most of the silica in aqueous systems and oceans is available in the form of H 4SiO 4, which makes it an important compound in environmental silicon-chemistry and biology. Lower molecular forms, especially the ortho-silicic acid (H 4SiO 4 Figure 1), play a crucial role in delivering silicon to the living organisms’ cells and thus represent major sources of silicon for both humans and animals. Further condensation follows which is accompanied by dehydration yielding less hydrated silicon dioxide (SiO 2) phases, also known as “silica gel” or “amorphous silicon dioxide”. xH 2O often referred as “colloidal silicic acid” or “hydrated silica gel”).The end product is a jelly-like precipitate, namely hydrated silica (SiO 2 This process results in formation of poly-silicic acids chains of variable composition. During a prolonged storage period, at increased concentration or in an acidic environment, these low molecular silicic acids undergo further condensation by cross-linking and dehydration. These are water soluble, formed in reversible equilibrium reactions from H 4SiO 4 and stable in diluted aqueous solutions. Moreover, several “lower” hydrated forms of ortho-silicic acid exist in aqueous solutions as well including meta-silicic acid (H 2SiO 3 or lower oligomers like di-silicic (H 2Si 2O 5) and tri-silicic acids (H 2Si 3O 7) including their hydrated forms pentahydro-silicic (H 10Si 2O 9), and pyro-silicic acids (H 6Si 2O 7). Formally, silica (SiO 2) is a silicic acid anhydride of monomeric ortho-silicic acid (H 4SiO 4), which is water soluble and stable in highly diluted aqueous solutions. In particular, silicon dioxide or silica (SiO 2) is the most studied chemical compound following water, and the most important Si-containing inorganic substance. These Si features, along with structural complexity of its compounds, have attracted researchers from the earliest times. semiconductor property that are used in various scientific and technical applications. Silicon is known for a number of important chemical and physical properties, i.e. Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element (27.2%) present in the earth's crust following oxygen (45.5%). In this review, we therefore discuss biological and potential therapeutic effects of ortho-silicic acid and ortho-silicic acid -releasing silicon compounds as its major natural sources. Numerous biological activities of some types of zeolites documented so far might probably be attributable to the ortho-silicic acid-releasing property. The most unusual ortho-silicic acid-releasing agents are certain types of zeolites, a class of aluminosilicates with well described ion(cation)-exchange properties. Even though certain pharmacological effects of these compounds might be attributed to specific structural characteristics that result in profound adsorption and absorption properties, they all exhibit similar pharmacological profiles readily comparable to ortho-silicic acid effects. Although all these compounds are characterized by substantial water insolubility, they release small, but significant, equilibrium concentration of ortho-silicic acid (H 4SiO 4) in contact with water and physiological fluids. M 2SiO 3 M= Na,K), the most important sources that release ortho-silicic acid as a bioavailable form of silicon are: colloidal silicic acid (hydrated silica gel), silica gel (amorphous silicon dioxide), and zeolites. Beside the ortho-silicic acid and its stabilized formulations such as choline chloride-stabilized ortho-silicic acid and sodium or potassium silicates (e.g. Silicon has already been associated with bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, skin, hair and nails health atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, immune system enhancement, and with some other disorders or pharmacological effects. Moreover, the ortho-silicic acid (H 4SiO 4), as a major form of bioavailable silicon for both humans and animals, has not been given adequate attention so far. However, the exact biological roles of silicon remain unknown. Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element present in the Earth's crust besides oxygen.
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